Q. No. 8. How can Pakistan develop credible capabilities to deter “Hybrid” Warfare? 2021

Developing credible capabilities to deter “hybrid” warfare is a complex task that requires a multifaceted approach. Hybrid warfare refers to the use of a combination of conventional and unconventional tactics, including cyber attacks, disinformation campaigns, proxy warfare, and irregular tactics, to achieve strategic objectives. To effectively deter hybrid warfare, Pakistan can consider the following strategies:

1. Comprehensive Defense Strategy: Pakistan should develop a comprehensive defense strategy that accounts for both conventional and non-conventional threats. This strategy should include investment in modern military capabilities, intelligence gathering and analysis, and cyber defense capabilities.
2. Cybersecurity: Enhancing cybersecurity capabilities is crucial in deterring hybrid warfare. Pakistan should invest in developing robust cyber defenses, including advanced threat detection systems, secure communication networks, and skilled cyber personnel. Regular training and exercises to improve cyber readiness should also be conducted.
3. Information Warfare: Building capabilities to counter disinformation and propaganda is essential. Pakistan should establish dedicated organizations or units to monitor and respond to false narratives, misinformation campaigns, and social media manipulation. Building partnerships with international actors to counter hybrid threats in the information domain can also be beneficial.
4. Collaborative Intelligence Sharing: Strengthening intelligence-sharing mechanisms with partner countries is vital. This includes exchanging information on potential threats, sharing best practices, and coordinating responses to hybrid warfare activities.
5. Enhanced Resilience: Developing societal resilience to hybrid warfare is crucial. This involves educating the public about potential threats, promoting critical thinking and media literacy, and encouraging responsible use of digital platforms. Additionally, developing resilient infrastructure systems that can withstand attacks and disruptions is important.
6. Regional Cooperation: Collaborating with regional partners to address common challenges related to hybrid warfare can enhance deterrence capabilities. Joint exercises, intelligence sharing, and coordinated responses can help build a collective defense against hybrid threats.
7. Legal Framework: Strengthening legal frameworks to address hybrid warfare is essential. Pakistan should enact legislation to combat cybercrime, disinformation, and other forms of hybrid warfare. International cooperation on legal matters related to hybrid threats can also be pursued.

It is important to note that the specific strategies and measures may vary based on the unique circumstances and challenges faced by Pakistan. Continuous evaluation, adaptation, and learning from experiences will be key to developing and maintaining credible capabilities to deter hybrid warfare.