Q.4 The nation-state system is in a flux with an independence referendum in Scotland and another projected for Catalonia in September 2017. Critically evaluate reasons as to why the modern nation-state in Europe faces internal challenges to its sovereignty and territorial integrity. 2017
The modern nation-state system in Europe is facing internal challenges to its sovereignty and territorial integrity due to a variety of factors, including globalization, regionalism, ethnic and cultural diversity, and economic disparities. Here are some of the key reasons why the modern nation-state in Europe is facing internal challenges:
- Globalization:
Globalization has eroded the power of nation-states by creating a global economy and transnational networks that operate outside of state control. This has led to a loss of economic sovereignty and the erosion of the traditional state-centric model of governance.
- Regionalism:
Regionalism refers to the rise of sub-state entities that seek greater autonomy or independence within a larger state. This can be seen in the case of Scotland and Catalonia, where there are movements for greater autonomy or independence based on regional identities and cultural differences.
- Ethnic and cultural diversity:
Europe is a continent of diverse ethnic and cultural groups, which can lead to tensions and conflicts between different groups within a single state. The nation-state model assumes a homogenous citizenry with a shared national identity, but this is often not the case in practice, leading to challenges to the legitimacy of the state.
- Economic disparities:
Economic disparities between regions or groups within a state can create resentment and a sense of unfairness, leading to demands for greater autonomy or independence. This can be seen in the case of Catalonia, which is one of the wealthiest regions of Spain but feels that it is not receiving a fair share of resources from the central government.
- Supranational governance:
Supranational governance, such as the European Union, has created a new layer of governance that exists alongside the traditional nation-state model. This has led to tensions between national sovereignty and supranational governance, as states must balance their own interests with the interests of the larger regional or global community.
In conclusion, the modern nation-state in Europe faces internal challenges to its sovereignty and territorial integrity due to a variety of factors, including globalization, regionalism, ethnic and cultural diversity, economic disparities, and supranational governance. These challenges are likely to continue as the world becomes increasingly interconnected and the traditional model of state sovereignty and governance evolves to meet new demands and challenges.
