Q.4 What are the major provisions of Simla Agreement (1972) between Pakistan and India? 4.How it was helpful for establishment of durable peace in the region? (20)  2020

The Simla Agreement was signed on July 2, 1972, between India and Pakistan following the war between the two countries in 1971. The agreement aimed to establish a framework for long-term peace and stability in the region. Here are some of the major provisions of the agreement:

1. Bilateral Resolution of Disputes: The Simla Agreement recognized that the two countries have long-standing issues that need to be resolved through peaceful means. It emphasized the need for bilateral discussions and negotiations to resolve disputes.
2. Respect for the Line of Control: The agreement reaffirmed the commitment of both countries to respect the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir, which was established after the 1971 war. The LoC was recognized as a temporary ceasefire line that should not be violated.
3. Exchange of Prisoners of War: The agreement called for the release of all prisoners of war and the repatriation of civilian detainees within 90 days of the signing of the agreement.
4. Normalization of Relations: The Simla Agreement called for the normalization of relations between the two countries in all areas, including political, economic, and cultural exchanges.

The Simla Agreement was helpful in establishing durable peace in the region in several ways:

1. Bilateral Resolution of Disputes: The agreement emphasized the importance of bilateral negotiations to resolve disputes. This approach has helped to prevent escalation of tensions and conflict between the two countries.
2. Respect for the Line of Control: The agreement reaffirmed the commitment of both countries to respect the LoC in Jammu and Kashmir. This has helped to prevent border skirmishes and violations of the ceasefire line.
3. f Exchange oPrisoners of War: The agreement facilitated the release of prisoners of war and civilian detainees. This helped to build confidence between the two countries and create a positive atmosphere for further negotiations.
4. Normalization of Relations: The agreement called for the normalization of relations between India and Pakistan. This has led to increased people-to-people contacts, trade, and cultural exchanges, which have helped to reduce tensions and build mutual trust.

In conclusion, the Simla Agreement was a significant step towards establishing durable peace in the region. The agreement recognized the importance of bilateral negotiations, respect for the LoC, and normalization of relations between India and Pakistan. While there have been challenges and setbacks along the way, the Simla Agreement remains an essential framework for long-term peace and stability in the region.