Q.7 Describe, in detail, the basic characteristics of Islamic civilization. 2018

Islamic civilization is one of the great civilizations of the world, which has a rich and diverse history, spanning over 1,400 years. The basic characteristics of Islamic civilization can be described as follows:

1. Religious Foundation: Islamic civilization is based on the teachings of Islam, which is a monotheistic religion that emphasizes the oneness of God and the importance of leading a moral and ethical life. Islamic civilization is built around the principles of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, and the Hadith, the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad.
2. Scientific Advancements: Islamic civilization has made significant contributions to the fields of science, medicine, and mathematics. Islamic scholars made groundbreaking discoveries in the areas of astronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology, and many of these discoveries were later translated into Latin and influenced the European Renaissance.
3. Architecture: Islamic civilization is known for its distinctive architectural style, characterized by the use of intricate geometric patterns, calligraphy, and arabesques. Islamic architecture includes mosques, palaces, and other structures that reflect the Islamic principles of simplicity, balance, and harmony.
4. Artistic Expression: Islamic civilization is also known for its artistic expressions, including calligraphy, miniature painting, and pottery. Islamic art is characterized by its use of geometric and floral designs, which often incorporate verses from the Quran and other Islamic texts.
5. Trade and Commerce: Islamic civilization has a long history of trade and commerce, which was facilitated by the Islamic banking system. Islamic merchants traveled extensively throughout the world, establishing trade networks and promoting cultural exchange.
6. Social Justice: Islamic civilization emphasizes the importance of social justice and the welfare of the community. The Islamic concept of Zakat, or obligatory alms-giving, promotes the redistribution of wealth and the alleviation of poverty.

In conclusion, Islamic civilization has a rich and diverse history, characterized by its religious foundation, scientific advancements, distinctive architecture, artistic expression, trade and commerce, and emphasis on social justice. These basic characteristics have contributed to the development and growth of the Islamic civilization, and have left a lasting impact on the world.