Q.7 Write notes on any TWO of the following:Educational aspect of Islamic Modernism. 2021

Calligraphy2021

Educational aspect of Islamic Modernism:

Islamic Modernism was a movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in response to the challenges of European colonialism and modernity. One of the key aspects of this movement was its emphasis on education and the need to reform traditional Islamic education to meet the demands of the modern world. Here are some of the key features of the educational aspect of Islamic Modernism:

1. : Islamic Modernists believed that Islamic education needed to incorporate the latest scientific and intellectual developments in order to keep pace with the modern world. They advocated for the teaching of modern science, technology, and philosophy alongside traditional Islamic disciplines.
2. : Islamic Modernists also sought to reform traditional Islamic education, which they saw as being outdated and inadequate for the needs of the modern world. They argued for a more flexible and pragmatic approach to Islamic education, which would allow for greater critical thinking and innovation.
3. : Islamic Modernists emphasized the importance of practical skills and vocational training, which they saw as crucial for the economic and social development of Muslim societies. They believed that Islamic education should prepare students for the challenges of the modern world, including entrepreneurship, commerce, and industry.
4. : Islamic Modernists were also advocates of women’s education, believing that it was essential for the development of Muslim societies. They argued for the inclusion of women in all levels of education and the promotion of women’s intellectual and professional development.

Calligraphy:

Calligraphy is a central art form in Islamic culture, and has been used to decorate mosques, manuscripts, and other works of art for centuries. Islamic calligraphy is characterized by its intricate geometric patterns, flowing curves, and precise attention to detail. Here are some key features of Islamic calligraphy:

1. : Calligraphy is considered to be one of the highest art forms in Islamic culture, and is often used to depict religious texts and motifs. Islamic calligraphy is often used to decorate mosques and other religious buildings, and is considered to be a form of worship in itself.
2. : Calligraphy requires a high degree of technical skill and precision, and is often considered to be a form of meditation. Calligraphers use specialized tools and materials, including reed pens, ink, and paper, to create intricate and detailed works of art.
3. : Islamic calligraphy has a rich history and is practiced in many different styles across the Muslim world. Each region has its own distinct calligraphic tradition, with its own set of rules and conventions.
4. : Islamic calligraphy has had a profound influence on the arts and culture of the Muslim world. It has been used to decorate mosques, manuscripts, and other works of art for centuries, and continues to be an important form of artistic expression today. Islamic calligraphy has also influenced the development of other art forms, such as carpet weaving and ceramics.

Muslim contributions to Chemistry:

Muslim scientists made significant contributions to the field of chemistry during the Islamic Golden Age, which lasted from the 8th to the 14th century. Here are some of the key contributions made by Muslim chemists:

1. : Muslim chemists were the first to develop the technique of distillation, which is still used in the production of essential oils, perfumes, and other products today. They also developed methods for the distillation of alcohol and the production of vinegar.
2. : Muslim chemists developed a range of laboratory equipment, including flasks, retorts, and stills. They also developed techniques for measuring the density and melting points of substances.
3. : Muslim chemists made significant contributions to the field of alchemy