Q8. Write a scholarly note on the contribution of Islam to modern civilization.

Islam has had a profound impact on the development of modern civilization. Its influence can be seen in many aspects of life, including politics, economics, science, art, and culture. Here are some of the key contributions of Islam to modern civilization:

1. Scientific Contributions: Islam has a rich tradition of scientific inquiry, and many Muslim scholars made significant contributions to various fields of science, such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and chemistry. For example, the Muslim scientist Al-Haytham is considered one of the founding fathers of modern optics, and his work had a profound impact on the development of modern physics and astronomy.
2. Political Contributions: Islam has also made significant contributions to modern political thought and governance. The principles of justice, equality, and compassion that are central to Islamic law have inspired political movements and leaders throughout the world. The concept of the Caliphate, which is a political and religious leader who rules according to Islamic law, has been an important influence on modern political systems, particularly in Muslim-majority countries.
3. Economic Contributions: Islam has also made important contributions to the development of modern economics. The principles of zakat (charitable giving) and sadaqah (voluntary giving) have inspired the development of modern philanthropy and social welfare systems. The concept of riba (usury) in Islamic finance has helped to establish the principle that lending should be based on mutual benefit and should not involve the exploitation of the borrower.
4. Cultural Contributions: Islam has also had a profound impact on the cultural and artistic traditions of the world. The architecture of Islamic buildings, such as the Alhambra in Spain and the Great Mosque of Cordoba, has influenced the development of architecture in many parts of the world. Islamic calligraphy and textiles, such as the famous Persian carpets, have also had a lasting impact on the world of art and design.

In conclusion, Islam has made significant contributions to the development of modern civilization in many different aspects of life. From science and politics to economics and culture, Islam has had a lasting impact on the world and continues to influence modern society.